Shows ↑ / ↓ when a fraction is slightly over or under the exact decimal.
Larger keys for gloves or bigger hands.
Compound miter and bevel angles for crown, base, and trim.
Square footage, waste factors, and board feet.
Rise, run, and stringer layout for code-compliant stairs.
Pitch, rafter length, and ridge beam from roof slope.
Golden ratio proportions and Fibonacci sequences for design and layout.
Drive pivot nail this far below the spring line. String = Radius.
Mark this distance from each end of the major axis. Drive pins here.
Router trammel: bit-to-pin distances. Major pin rides the long track, minor pin rides the short track.
Tilt blade to this angle when ripping wide panel edges.
Tilt blade to this angle when ripping narrow panel edges.
Dihedral = clamp angle for glue-up. A right-angle box = 90°.
Measured at the far end (trailing end, away from the blade).
Regular N-sided box, flat segmented ring, or slack-cooperage bucket. For curved wine/whiskey barrels, use templates — formula is nominal only.
Miter gauge is typically set to the "from 90°" value on most saws.
Flared planters, buckets, lamp bases, tilted segmented rings. Slope S = degrees the side leans outward from vertical. For curved barrel staves use templates, not this formula.
At S=0 this reduces to the flat polygon miter (180°/N).
For flat-on-table saw cuts. "38° crown" often uses S=52° mathematically — verify against the physical profile before cutting.
Trade labels refer to the angle from ceiling. The math uses S = angle from wall (complementary). Presets handle this conversion for you.
Test cut on scrap first. Wall-angle readings can be off on real walls — measure with a bevel gauge for non-square corners.
⚠ Birdsmouth exceeds 1/3 rafter depth — consider deeper stock.
Rafter geometry only. Does not determine structural adequacy. Verify with local code and a licensed professional.
For reference only. Verify with local code authority and licensed professionals.
Based on simplified uniform load assumptions. Does not account for point loads, cantilevers, notching, or bearing. Verify with a licensed engineer.
Calculate joist count and board feet for floor systems.
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